Monetary policy is action that a country's central bank or government can take to influence how much money is in the economy and how much it costs to borrow.
As the UK’s central bank, we use two main monetary policy tools. First, we set the interest rate that we charge banks to borrow money from us – this is Bank Rate. Second, we can buy bonds to lower the interest rates on savings and loans through quantitative easing (QE).
Monetary policy affects how much prices are rising – called the rate of inflation. We set monetary policy to achieve the Government’s target of keeping inflation at 2%.
Low and stable inflation is good for the UK’s economy and it is our main monetary policy aim.
We also support the Government’s other economic aims for growth and employment. Sometimes, in the short term, we need to balance our target of low inflation with supporting economic growth and jobs.
Every year, the sets out a framework under which we have to set monetary policy. They send this to our Governor in a remit letter.
Next due: 9 May 2024
Target: 2%
Our Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decides what monetary policy action to take. The MPC sets and announces policy eight times a year (roughly once every six weeks).
The MPC has nine individual members. Before they decide what action to take, they hold several meetings to look at how the economy is working.
It can take around two years for monetary policy to have its full effect on the economy. So MPC members need to consider what inflation and growth in the economy are likely to be in the next few years.
We explain the reasons behind our monetary policy decisions (for example to raise or lower interest rates) in our quarterly Monetary Policy Report.
We publish the dates the MPC will make announcements on monetary policy in advance. In the week leading up to each announcement, the committee meets several times.
The Governor recommends the policy he believes will be supported by the majority of MPC members, and the members vote. The meeting is on Wednesday that week.
The MPC’s decision reflects the votes of each individual member, rather than a consensus of the committee. If there is a tie, the Governor casts the deciding vote. Any member in a minority is asked to say what stance of policy they would have preferred.
We publish the MPC’s decision with the minutes of the meetings at 12 noon on Thursday of that week.
We also publish rate announcements directly via our multi-vendor market contribution system to Bloomberg, Reuters and Need-To-Know-News, which is the fastest available route to access this information.
The Bank has released written transcripts of MPC meetings from 2015 at which policy was decided, as well as the associated policy briefing material. These documents have been published outside the Bank’s usual archive release schedule as part of the Bank's commitments under the Warsh review in 2014 (Transparency and accountability at the Bank of England) to publish these materials with an eight year delay. This will constitute an annual release going forward.
