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Notes:

[a] Following the transition of building societies' statistical reporting from the FSA to the Bank of England on 1 January 2008, some minor changes to the building societies' contribution to the calculation of M4 and M4 lending have been implemented.  The effects of these have been removed from the flows data, and are small in terms of the amounts outstanding. (31 Jan 2008)

[b] From April 2009 data onwards, banks' and building societies' own covered bond entities are treated as part of the bank or building society. Positions between banks/building societies and their covered bond entities are netted out. This led to a £21 billion fall in the amount outstanding of M4. These effects have been removed from the flows (changes) data. (30 Apr 2009)

[c] As a result of accounting changes at some institutions, the amount outstanding of this series has decreased by £11bn. The movement has been adjusted out of the flows for January 2010. (31 Jan 2010)

[d] Due to changes to reporting of securitised loans, along with related liabilities, the amount outstanding of this series has increased by £176bn. The movement has been adjusted out of the flows for January 2010. For further details please see http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/documents/ms/articles/art1feb10.pdf. (31 Jan 2010)

[e] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding decreased by £8bn.  This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for February 2011. (28 Feb 2011)

[f] Due to reporting process improvements at one institution, the amount outstanding of this series has decreased by £2bn. The movement has been adjusted out of the flows for October 2011. (31 Oct 2011)

[g] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding decreased by £3bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for November 2011. (30 Nov 2011)

[h] Due to a change in accounting treatment at one reporting institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £12bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for January 2012. (31 Jan 2012)

[i] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £5bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for April 2012. (30 Apr 2012)

[j] Due to a change in treatment at one reporting institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £5bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for April 2012. (30 Apr 2012)

[k] Due to a change in accounting treatment at one reporting institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £7bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for June 2012. (30 Jun 2012)

[l] Due to a change in treatment at one reporting institution, the amounts outstanding decreased by £5bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for October 2012. (31 Oct 2012)

[m] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £6bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for February 2013. (28 Feb 2013)

[n] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £8bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for July 2013. (31 Jul 2013)

[o] Due to a restructuring at one reporting institution, the amounts outstanding decreased by £3bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for November 2013. (30 Nov 2013)

[p] Due to a change in treatment at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £19bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for January 2014. (31 Jan 2014)

[q] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £3bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for June 2014. (30 Jun 2014)

[r] Due to a classification change, the amounts outstanding decreased by £5bn.  This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for October 2014. (31 Oct 2014)

[s] Due to a change in treatment at one institution, the amounts outstanding decreased by £4bn.  This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for April 2015. (30 Apr 2015)

[t] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £3bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for May 2015. (31 May 2015)

[u] Due to changes in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding decreased by £5bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for March 2016. (31 Mar 2016)

[v] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £6bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for June 2016. (30 Jun 2016)

[w] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £3bn.  This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for February 2017. (28 Feb 2017)

[x] In order to bring reporting in line with the National Accounts, English housing associations were reclassified from PNFCs to public corporations with effect from July 2017 data. The amounts outstanding decreased by £3bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for July 2017. (31 Jul 2017)

[y] Due to improvements in reporting by one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £11bn. This amount has been adjusted out of the flows for September 2017. (30 Sep 2017)

[z] Due to a change in group structure by one reporting institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £6bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for September 2017. (30 Sep 2017)

[1] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £5bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for January 2018. (31 Jan 2018)

[2] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding decreased by £4bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for January 2018. (31 Jan 2018)

[3] Due to improvements in reporting at one institution, the amounts outstanding increased by £5bn. This effect has been adjusted out of the flows for September 2018. (30 Sep 2018)

[4] Following historical revisions from reporting entities, there will be a level shift in this series that will extend back to June 2020. While these revisions are processed there may be unusual flow activity, but these will ultimately be removed once the full back run of revisions has been processed. (30 Jun 2020 - 30 Sep 2023)