Profitability and company finance

This note presents revised and updated estimates of real profitability and the cost of capital, and other information on the finance of companies:

• The pre-tax and post-tax real rate of return on trading assets and on the equity interest.
• The real cost of capital and the valuation ratio.
• The appropriation of income, income gearing, capital gearing, and sources and uses of funds.

Profitability and company finance